C. From then on, he actively. Julius Campbell and Gerry Bertier were friends in real life. Listen, what we do here. Georgia High School Football Player, 17, Dies Following Serious Injury During Game However, he suffered an ankle injury that ended his football career. Memorial ID. I. Ryan Douglas Hurst (born June 19, 1976) is an American actor, best known for his roles as Gerry Bertier in Disney's Remember the Titans, Tom Clark in Taken, Opie Winston in the FX network drama series Sons of Anarchy, as Sergeant Ernie Savage in We Were Soldiers, and as Chick in Bates Motel. Campbell’s wife of 29 years, who according to the Washington Post confirmed the news, also spoke out on his death. In fact, there wasRemember The Titans. I don't want to play with any of those black animals. Louie Lastik. Wood Harris and Ryan Hurst as Gerry Bertier in Remember the Titans. From then on she actively participated in. C. We got Jerry Lewis, and Dean Martin going to camp with us this year. He was driving home from a business trip in North Carolina when his car collided with a flatbed truck. 25. Another display case honors the '71. Bertier: What are you talking about?You would've been in that bed right next to me. Just over a year-and-a-half following Bertier's death on March 20, 1981 at age 29, a resolution to name the T. "I swear to God, I'm gonna hit you so hard, by the time you come to, oooh boy, you're gonna need a new haircut!" - Gerry Bertier, 'Remember The Titans'. Campbell, played by Wood Harris, befriends white linebacker Gerry Bertier and the pair. Bertier Last Name History & Origin Add. The Change. The above exchange is a tremendously powerful scene in the epic film Remember the Titans where the character Gerry Bertier confronts his teammate Julius about. Hurt Gerry Bertier. Williams High School football team in Alexandria, Virginia, in 1971. Hurst offers a most. Julius was an African American and he roomed with Gerry Bertier up at camp. Actor: Remember the Titans. Details of death: Died at the age of 65 from organ failure. Gerry was an inspiration to millions of people. How did playing football help the students overcome their prejudices about each other. This movie provides examples of: Actually Quite Catchy: When Louie breaks into a round of "Ain't Too Proud to Beg" during lunch at training camp, while talking about how Rev enjoys it, even Bertier gets into Louie's song-and-dance. Parcell) William “Bill” Yoast, the high school coach who helped unify a racially divided Alexandria, Virginia, during the 1971 football. Ray Budds : You willing to just throw away our friendship for them? [pause]Vital records: Gerry Bertier at +Archives. ∙ 10y ago. Big Ju : You can't be hurt like this. He was 65. gymnasium — also known as The Garden — was made. Remember The Titans - Final Scene - GoodbyeStarringDenzel Washington, Will Patton, Ryan Hurst, Donald Faioson, Wood Harris, Kate BosworthFuneral Scene from R. Hijinks & Shenanigans. ; Ambiguously Gay: Sunshine gets a lot of accusations because of his hair and being from California. Added: 2 Jun 2008. Ryan Hurst played Gerry Bertier in Remember the Titans. Williams High School football team, which was portrayed in the 2000 Disney film Remember the Titans. Campbell was one of the main characters in the movie and was portrayed by Wood Harris. Driving alone, his southbound 1980 Oldsmobile collided with a northbound car, which crossed over the center line on Route 20 in Charlottesville, Virginia. Big Ju: Man, I sure am sorry, man. S. The Death of Matthew Perry, ‘The Woman in Me,’ and the Dark Side of Bravo. linebacker Gerry Bertier is portrayed fighting with Julius, an African-American linebacker. He starred in We Were Soldiers, Taken and The Ladykillers before landing a leading role in Sons of. Kate Bosworth was 17-years-old when attending the red carpet premiere of Remember the Titans in Los Angeles on September 23, 2000. Agnew preferred that Contributions be made to the Gerry Bertier #42 Foundation, P. We have received lots of e-mail about the movie “Remember the Titans”. Please save your changes before editing any questions. Bertier: See man, that's the worst attitude I ever heard. Date of death: March 20, 1981, Died Place: Charlottesville, Virginia, U. (Take care of your subordinate’s needs. Driving alone, his southbound 1980 Oldsmobile collided with a northbound car, which crossed over the centerOn October 28, 1971, Bertier was involved in a serious car accident. Bill Yoast ( Will Patton) is moved to assistant coach, as star players Gerry Bertier ( Ryan Hurst) and Julius Campbell ( Wood Harris) are put in place to run the team. Remember the Titans centers on the football team of the newly integrated T. His facial expressions indicate to the audience that Gerry is starting to realize the racial hatred. . Death in love, Max and son on. He is best known for his participation on the. Emma Hoyt. Baltimore, Baltimore City, Maryland, USA Plot R, 0, 707 Memorial ID 362569 · View Source. Bertier: [annoyed] Gerry. Big Ju: You can't be hurt like this. devoted to the achievements of '71 linebacker Gerry Bertier, who became a world-class Paralympic athlete after a car accident left him paralyzed from the waist down. Nah, nah what I'm gonna do is look out for myself and I'ma get mine. 'Remember the Titans' Numbers Tough. Admiring and envying the world's biggest stars is easy to do on Instagram. This is left side!Gerry Bertier to Julius Campbell Gerry Bertier is one of the major characters in the 2000 Disney film, Remember the Titans. amongst ourselves is one thing, 1:26:24. , just one minute before final bell, the girls would walk by giggling and there Gerry would be watching. She passed away suddenly in 1996 due to a heart ailment. The most pivotal moment of Remember the Titans happens during a late-night football practice when Gerry finally confronts his racist friend, Ray Budds (Burgess Jenkins). Coach: How can I help you boys? I'm Gerry Bertier, the only all-American you got on this team. Williams High School football team. Gerry Bertier trendWho is Gerry Bertier based on? Remember the Titans (2000) REEL FACE: REAL FACE: Ryan Hurst Born: June 19, 1976 Birthplace: Santa Monica, California, USA Gerry Bertier Born: August 20, 1953 Birthplace: Alexandria, Virginia, USA Death: March 20, 1981 (auto accident, killed by a drunk driver, age 27). What really happened to Gerry Bertier? Death. Who is Ronnie bass Jr? Name a Star. Brother. ). When Alexandria moved all high school. 1. Bertier: I was afraid of you, Julius. 3. On March 20, 1981, Bertier was killed in a car accident while returning home from a business trip. Literature study: Assigning novels or biographies that focus on racial tensions in sports or stories about overcoming disability will allow students to better understand Bertier’s context and experiences. When Gerry William Bertier was born on 20 August 1953, in Virginia, United States, his father, Harry William Bertier, was 25 and his mother, Jean Evelyn Peyton, was 27. Ryan Hurst (Gerry Bertier) (Photo: FX) Hurst has continued to find steady work since starring in Remember the Titans. As of December 2022, Gerry Bertier’s net worth is $5 Million. Why is Gerry Bertier important? Who threw the brick in Remember the Titans? What is Remember the Titans theme? 1971 was a turbulent year in Alexandria, Virginia. True. It’s been many decades since Bertier’s demise, but his legacies still live through his family, passion, and the people he lived for. The most pivotal moment of Remember the Titans happens during a late-night football practice when Gerry finally confronts his racist friend, Ray Budds (Burgess Jenkins). Campbell befriended white linebacker Gerry Bertier and the two became the leaders of the team, helping to unify the players. Burial. Details of death: Died at the age of 65 from organ failure. He. The phase ends when Campbell and Bertier assess each others feat in the team, and this makes them vividly identify their roles. Jean was Gerry's mother and was initially prejudicial against African Americans. [Announcer] Entering the stadium now is Jean Bertier. The school has an enrollment of over 4,100 students. This is because Gerry thought that his race was superior to the African American race rather. In reality, the two never fought and remained close friends until Bertier‟s death in 1981, but the film dramatizes this close bond by depicting the boys as enemies before they become friends. Gerry Bertier born and raised in Alexandria, Virginia was a High School Football player and Paralympic gold medalist known for His Life, Death, 5 Shocking Facts Gerry Bertier born and raised in Alexandria, Virginia was a High School Football participant and Paralympic gold medalist identified for leading the T. We got Jerry Lewis, and Dean Martin going to camp with us this year. In fact, Gerry Bertier was paralyzed in a car accident, but it happened after the end of the season when the Titans had already played the. Profession Football Player. The family will receive friends on Friday, May 31, 2019 from 5-8 pm at the Demaine Funeral Home, 5308 Backlick Road, Springfield, VA. Bill was born November 16, 1924. 6. Hayden Panettiere. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice and had a further three nominations, as well as an Academy Honorary Award in 1961 for his career achievements. Following her small role as Gerry Bertier's girlfriend, Bosworth's breakout role as a young aspiring pro surfer came in 2002's Blue Crush. Gerry Bertier (lawbuzz. Death. Ryan Gosling – Alan Bosley. . They did not get along at first but they then became best friends. Some of the stereotypes shown in this film are the reluctant mother and Gerry Bertier’s girlfriend. Driving alone, his southbound 1980 Oldsmobile collided with a northbound car, which crossed over the centerGerry Bertier（1953-1981）は、米国バージニア州の高校のフットボール選手でした。 UU。、州選手権への彼の参加でよく知られていて、大学リーグで最高のプレーヤーのうちの1人であること。自動車事故の後、彼はパラリンピック競技大会に参加し、そこでいくつかの分野で複数のメダルを獲得し. m. Actor: Remember the Titans. " Just over a year-and-a-half following Bertier's death on March 20, 1981 at age 29, a resolution to name the T. C. Mother Jean Evelyn Peyton. Tear Jerker / Remember the Titans. On March 20, 1981, Bertier was killed in a car accident while returning home from a business trip. He became known for his participation on the 1971 Virginia State Champion football T. . Bertier: See man, that's the worst attitude I ever heard. Bertier: I do coach, and I respect it, but I know [looks at Ray] Ray missed that block on purpose. Sarah Jul 28, 2023 Helpful? Item quality. The Women of Bertier: Bertier’s mother and girlfriend both start the movie as stuck up and exceedingly racist. Bertier: Well, you think I look banged up, you should see my Camaro. Julius Campbell, the high school football player whose contributions to a barrier-breaking state championship were portrayed in the film “Remember the Titans,”. Gerry Bertier and Julius Campbell are two of the star players on the team who quickly overcome their hesitation and build a strong friendship. It confirms that strong friendship can be forged despite the racial hatred plaguing the community. Death. Après un accident de voiture, il a participé aux Jeux paralympiques, où il a remporté plusieurs médailles dans diverses disciplines. It is shown in the film that Gerry meets with a car accident before the championship game, which paralyzes him. In terms of a sure thing, Gerry was a guy who had size and knowledge to step in immediately and contribute. Quarterback Ronnie ‘Sunshine’ Bass, who was portrayed by Kip Pardue in the movie, had to call his children to set the record straight when a scene had Bass kiss linebacker Gerry Bertier in the. Search for Bertier records Advertisement. As you should have guessed from the “4-4” designation, this defense only has three guys in the secondary. Campbell died earlier this year. Fifty thousand men died right here on this field, fighting the same fight that we are still fighting among ourselves today. Gerry William Bertier was a US astronaut who died in a plane crash in 1981. docpeople in front of Coach Boone. Gerry Bertier is a famous Football Player, born on August 20, 1953 in United States. 25 due to organ failure. Trailer. The young cast is full of future stars, including Ryan Gosling and Hayden Panettiere. . Parents of the Titans Tough. Bertier, apparently drunk, was paralyzed in a single-car crash a week after the T. They end the movie as stuck up and probably still kind of racist at parties and. He was 65. Was the Titans a true story?Bosley has a small, but meaningful arc in the film, as he is initially a little apprehensive about the incoming Black players without being too loud about it like Gerry Bertier (Ryan Hurst), and. Jerry tells the jokes, Dean sings the. I’m thinking that “Petey” Jones and the Ryan Gosling character are that additional outside linebacker playing over the tight. Williams High School football team. ”. Apart from such cinematic liberties, a significant deviation from history is the story about All-American player Gerry Bertier. ” Julius fires back, “Attitude reflects leadership, captain. He was a former American football player. F**k Marry Kill. Before this scene, the white and black players were at odds, mainly keeping. Bertier accepting the news with complete stoicism: Mrs. (State Farm = 103,. Bertier played quarterback for that team at one point until he was injured during a game where their star running back ran out of bounds. He had just been awarded the MOST VALUABLE PLAYER AWARD and his team, “The Titans” had won the state championship. Gerry was the captain of the Titans team before he became hurt and he stood up for Petey Jones. In 2019, he drew considerable attention for his part in. A Black teenager is killed by a white store owner that summer, leading to protests in the streets. Originally Created by: Dennis Ison. Big Ju : Well, what I've got to say, you really don't wanna hear 'cuz honesty ain. Gerry Bertier’s story unfolds as a standout high school football player in the racially divided society of the 1970s. He was portrayed by actor Ryan Hurst in Remember the Titans. Julius was with Gary when he had his first accident. The entirety of the scene after Gerry's accident. The other two are Julius, the African-American team captain, and (Gerry) Bertier, his white counterpart. One more fact: Bertier and I were both. Silverado High is getting a new Japanese exchange student! Bella and her friends are excited to show him around, but argue over the best way to do it. Julius Campbell was a year younger than Bertier and was interested in black power. Last month, a person in Missouri died because of the same amoeba infection, according to the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. In 1971, a car accident tragically left Bertier paralyzed from the waist down. Agnew preferred that Contributions be made to the Gerry Bertier #42 Foundation, P. Attitude reflect leadership, Captain. I only saw what I was afraid of, and now I. He was 65. Gerry Bertier spent ten years after his accident with one goal: to make life for others with disabilities easier. Coming back from an excursion for work, he crossed the middle line and slammed into another vehicle. Matthew Perry death LATEST: Fans of Friend's star leave flowers outside iconic Friends 'apartment' in NYC. It happened when he was returning home from a business trip and collided with another car that crossed over the center line on the road, in Charlottesville, Virginia on 20 March 1981. After portraying real athlete Gerry Bertier, Hurst landed many big roles in both film and TV. In fact, Gerry had actually played the championship final and was honored for his participation. They continued to help people who suffered spinal cord injuries, and raise money to further the cause of the injuries research at Virginia Commonwealth University. gymnasium — also known as The Garden —. Williams Titans ended their season by winning the state championship. Williams High School during desegregation in 1971. Gerry Bertier's commitment to social responsibility and giving back to the community serves as a powerful reminder to retailers that their role extends beyond just selling products. He showed responsibility. On March 20, 1981, Bertier was killed in a car accident while returning home from a business trip. the character I have chosen is Gerry Bertier the captain of the titans football team, in the movie Gerry changes from races to against racism. ”. Verified writer. But, a great deal of what occurs in Remember the Titans was fictionalized for dramatic purposes. Jerry tells the jokes, Dean sings the songs and gets the girl. Gerry Bertier ; August 20 1953 – March 20 1981) was a prominent Virginia high school American football player. Associated With. in this essay I will describe how a character changes throughout the movie. The Gerry Bertier #42 Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that supports the VCU Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation and Research Center. He was an All-American football player, 6'2", weighed 220 pounds, raw talent, aggressive and made opposing quarterbacks shiver. T. For those of you who may not know, this movie is true story about the struggles and victories of a newly-integrated high school football team in 1971 Alexandria, Virginia. Bertier: Well, you think I look banged up, you should see my Camaro. , in honor of former high school football star Gerry Bertier, who sustained spinal cord injuries and was paralyzed from the waist down following a car accident. In the initial parts of the speech, a low angled close-up shot was used. He also played the role of football player Lump Hudson in The Ladykillers, appeared in the movie We Were Soldiers as Sgt. He was raised primarily. Hurst also landed prominent roles in The Walking Dead and Outsiders. The need for Gerry Bertier's recognition may arise from fans, historical enthusiasts, or. Wood Harris and Ryan Hurst as Gerry Bertier in Remember the Titans. C. Added: 11 Dec 2002. ”. Save to. He was 27 years old and had a wife and a son. UU. Now, she's the mother of injured all-American linebacker, Gerry Bertier. He became known for his participation on the 1971 Virginia State Champion football T. politics, the practice of drawing the boundaries of electoral districts in a way that gives one political party an unfair advantage over its rivals (political or partisan gerrymandering) or that dilutes the voting power of members of ethnic or linguistic minority groups (racial gerrymandering). Sadly, he died in 1981 after his car was hit by a drunk driver. gymnasium — also known as The Garden — was made. The funeral they were at in the beginning was Bertier's. Edit. Added: 2 Jun 2008. He inspires many athletes who think about giving up. Denzel Washington (Coach Herman Boone) Will Patton (Coach Bill Yoast) Wood Harris (Julius Campbell) Ryan Hurst (Gerry Bertier) Donald Faison (Petey Jones) Craig Kirkwood (Jerry 'Rev' Harris). The camera then pans out into a close-up shot of Gerry Bertier, who is the captain of the team. Just over a year-and-a-half following Bertier's death on March 20, 1981 at age 29, a resolution to name the T. Bertier’s death was preventable if he had been wearing a seat belt. Y'all check out the greatest remix, of the final scene in the "Remember The Titans" movie, for Gerry Bertier's funeral. It is widely accepted that Remember the Titans failed to accurately portray the true significance of Gerry Bertier. ” asked Julius “Yeah. His life story exemplifies the idea that businesses have the potential to make a meaningful impact on society and effect positive change. Actors portraying Julius Campbell and Gerry Bertier on the football field in Remember the Titans spoke these specific lines, but they could just as easily have been spoken in today’s workplace. 1 pt. Jerry tells the jokes, Dean sings the songs and gets the girl. Jan. ILL BE THERE. He had a sister named. Walt Disney Studios. Bertier: [annoyed] Gerry. He inspires many athletes who think about giving up. In Virginia, high school football was a state. The film was co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films and released by Buena Vista Pictures. Boone: You know my policy. The obituary was featured in Legacy on January 11, 2009. Driving alone, his southbound 1980. Bertier : Listen, I ain't running any more of these three-a-days. By Jim Farber. Gerry Bertier is 40 in a. Bertier was driving his mom’s cool Camaro and was in a wreck and he was paralyzed. Um, when all this is over. He is preceded in death by daughters Sheryl Yoast Matthews and Bonnie Yoast Jeffries. Ryan Hurst. A memorial service will be held on Saturday, June 1, 2019 at 2 pm at St. S. Mrs. Ryan Douglas Hurst (born June 19, 1976) is an American actor, best known for his roles as Gerry Bertier in Disney's Remember the Titans, Tom Clark in Taken, Opie Winston in the FX network drama series Sons of Anarchy, as Sergeant Ernie Savage in We Were Soldiers, and as Chick in Bates Motel. [towards parents] Ladies and gentleman! I've got an announcement to make. After his death, the Gerry Bertier #42 Foundation, meant to assist those suffering from spinal cord injuries, was established in his memory. On March 20, 1981, Bertier was critically injured in a car crash while returning home from a business trip. What really happened to Gerry Bertier? Death. C. And one of the football players—Gerry Bertier, a real person who went on to be a Paralympian—was played by Ryan Hurst, who would follow the football movie up with several big performances. ) • Boone resolves conflicts between individuals on the team by requiring they learn about one another—otherwise, 3-a-day or 4-a-day practices. Want this question answered? Be notified when an answer is posted. They win the championship, becoming undefeated in the regular season, and go on to become second in the nation. He was portrayed by actor Kip Pardue in the 2000 film Remember the Titans [1] which is about his high school’s 1971. The Life Summary of Gerry William. Satisfy the real Coach Herman Boone, How Yoast, and Gerry Bertier. Sheryl Yoast. " - Gerry Bertier "Look at that. The General Assembly proclamation further reads, "Whereas Gerry Bertier never forgot the needs of people around him and participated actively in various civic and common projects. Methods of Integrating Gerry Bertier’s Story in Lessons: 1. The screenplay, written by Gregory Allen Howard, is based on the true story of coach Herman Boone, played by Denzel Washington, and his attempt to integrate the T. Ethan Suplee. Photo from. He became a fan-favorite character in Kurt Sutter's Sons of Anarchy and died unexpectedly. Driving alone, his southbound 1980 Oldsmobile collided with a northbound car that crossed over the center line on Route 20 in Charlottesville, Virginia. The news of Gerry Bertier’s cause of death shocked and saddened his. Bertier, whose T. C. Ryan Hurst – Gerry Bertier. The titans players are: Gerry Bertier Jerry "Rev" Harris Ray Buds Julius Campbel Louie Lastik and the list goes on but if you want to find all the characters in Remember the Titans just go to. Death 20 Mar 1981 (aged 27) Charlottesville, Charlottesville City, Virginia, USA. There were several moments in the movie that show. Coach Boone: No, you must have said Jerry. With Campbell and Bertier leading the defense, the Titans totaled nine. Julius Campbell, one of the key football players portrayed in “Remember the Titans,” died of organ failure on Friday. In real life, Gerry Bertier was paralyzed in a car accident, but it happened after the season ended, after the Titans had already played the championship game. remember the titansBiography. Ryan Hurst. ”. He was 65 years old. gymnasium — also known as The Garden —. The Life Summary of Gerry William. Gerry Bertier Gerry the captain of the football team Titans was very influential and had credibility and power to sway the decision of the white players. Driving alone, his southbound 1980 Oldsmobile collided with a northbound car, which crossed over the center line on Route 20 in Charlottesville, Virginia. It was after the U. Traffic collision Gerry Bertier/Cause of death Death. Big Ju: Attitude reflects leadership, captain. Particularly painful moments are Big Julius completely breaking down at the news of Gerry's paralysis, and Mrs. Meanwhile, Sena Kobayakawa takes a wrong turn while training in America and ends up at Silverado where he is mistaken for the exchange student. Jerry tells the jokes, Dean sings the. Almost a decade after the first crash that ended his football career, his car was hit by a drunk driver in December 1981, resulting in his death at the age of 27 while. Jerry Lewis, which you make you [looks towards Dean] Dean Martin. This scene arrives at a pivotal time in the story’s arc. Actor: Remember the Titans. Apart from such cinematic liberties, a significant deviation from history is the story about All-American player Gerry Bertier. 266) as he allows himself to fully participate in the building of this new culture and realizes the. Bertier died nearly two hours later in the University of Virginia hospital. Although the school system desegregated in 1963, the school board elected to merge three high schools into one school, T. Gerry Bertier (1953-1981) was an American high school football player in Virginia, USA, well known for his participation in state championships, being one of the best players in the collegiate league. S. Remember the Titans | Summary, Characters. Actor, RYAN HURST, best known for his roles as Gerry Bertier in Disney's Remember the Titans, and as Opie on the FX network series Sons of Anarchy during a presser at Wizard World Comic Con convention. Bertier died afterwards from his injuries in the University. Denzel Washington – Herman Boone. It happened when he was returning home from a. However, through the eye-opening leadership from Coach Boone, Bertier portrays a high level of openness (Colquitt, LePine, & Wesson, p. Gerry William Bertier. The main characters are Herman Boone, Bill Yoast, Sheryl Yoast, Gerry Bertier, and Julius Campbell. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Herman Boone, Bill Yoast, Gerry. One of the prominent leaders is All-American linebacker Gerry Bertier. Coach Herman Boone, left, and teammate Brad Smith joined Campbell in presenting Bertier with his plaque for making the Washington Star’s All-Metro team. Campbell leaves behind a legacy defined by his athleticism and decades-spanning work fighting for racial equality and harmony. Jean Bertier. Team captain Gerry Bertier begins the season angry about the incoming black players. J's study. Encouraging Empathy: By sharing Gerry Bertier’s experiences with racism and his struggle to adapt to life after a spinal cord injury, educators cultivate empathy within their students. Dive in to learn how you can incorporate these priceless. C. 0. C. Arrangements are incomplete at this time. " Just over a year-and-a-half following Bertier's death on March 20, 1981 at age 29, a resolution to name the T. He died two hours after the fact in the College of Virginia’s emergency clinic. You want any. Discover how Gerry Bertier’s exemplary leadership style can transform your personal and professional life in our latest blog post. Wood Harris – Julius Campbell. 746. C. The movie shows the Titans playing several night games at home. first assistant director Cellin Gluck. This understanding will encourage students to appreciate unique struggles and develop an inclusive mindset. On March 20, 1981, Gerry Bertier was involved in a car accident that left him paralyzed from the waist down. The film stars Denzel Washington as coach Herman Boone, Wood Harris as Julius Campbell and Ryan Hurst as Gerry Bertier. C. He was portrayed by Wood Harris in Disney's Remember the Titans . Williams High School in Alexandria,. Arrangements are incomplete at this time. Attitude reflect leadership, Captain. He had a sister named Becky Britt. 5.